Simulating success – virtual reality training for tomorrow’s operating theatre nurses: A discussion paper

Authors

  • Eloisa Mae Gabatan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26550/2209-1092.1378

Keywords:

virtual reality, operating theatre, patient safety, situational awareness, instrument and circulating nurses, operating theatre nurses

Abstract

The operating theatre represents a complex and critical environment, characterised by the interplay of specialised skills, advanced technology, and the demand for seamless teamwork and smooth operational flow. However, some operating theatre facilities face significant challenges, including understaffing and insufficient educational support, which hinder the effective training of perioperative staff in new specialties and surgical procedures. This gap in training can lead to suboptimal patient outcomes, increased patient risk and surgical complications.

To address these challenges, virtual reality technology emerges as a transformative solution. It provides immersive and hands-on training experiences that can be accessed regardless of staffing levels or resource constraints. Through realistic simulations of surgical procedures, virtual reality allows staff to practice and refine their perioperative skills in a safe and controlled environment, thereby enhancing their competency and confidence. It enables individualised learning, accommodates various surgical techniques, and allows for repeated practice without the risks associated with live surgical procedures.

Virtual reality enhances skill retention and procedural confidence among surgical teams, contributing to improved performance and workflow in the operating room. Through virtual reality integration, healthcare institutions can bridge the gap in training, empowering perioperative staff with the expertise needed to adapt to evolving surgical demands. It not only fosters professional development but also enhances overall patient safety and surgical outcomes.

Furthermore, as the complexity of surgical procedures continues to advance, leveraging virtual reality in the operating theatre can provide a pathway to overcoming staffing and resource limitations. Through virtual reality integration, healthcare systems can ensure that perioperative teams are well-equipped to deliver high-quality care, benefiting both practitioners and patients. This discussion paper aims to explore the impact of virtual reality in training theatre nurses, highlighting its effectiveness in skill acquisition, improving theatre nurses’ confidence and reducing anxiety, and its potential to enhance situational awareness and patient safety.

References

1. Singh B, Arulappan J. Operating room nurses’ understanding of their roles and responsibilities for patient care and safety measures in intraoperative practice [Internet]. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023[cited 2024 October 16];9. DOI: 10.1177/23779608231186247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231186247

2. Vongelsang A, Swenne C, Gustafsson B, Brynhildsen K. Operating theatre nurse specialist competence to ensure patient safety in the operating theatre: A discursive paper [Internet]. Nurs Open. 2020[cited 2024 October 16];7(2):495–502. DOI: 10.1002/nop2.424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.424

3. Göras C, Nilsson U, Ekstedt M, Unbeck M, Ehrenberg A. Managing complexity in the operating room: A group interview study [Internet]. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020[cited 2024 October 16];20(1):440. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05192-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05192-8

4. Nguyen L, Bordini M, Matava C. Using virtual reality for perioperative nursing education in complex neurosurgical surgeries: A feasibility and acceptance study [Internet]. Cureus. 2024[cited 2024 October 16];16(3):e55901. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55901 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55901

5. Tamata A, Mohammadnezhad M. A systematic review study on the factors affecting shortage of nursing workforce in the hospitals [Internet]. Nurs Open. 2023[cited 2024 October 16];10(3):1247–57. DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1434

6. Edwards T, Patel A, Szyszka B, Coombs A, Liddle A, Kucheria R et al. Immersive virtual reality enables technical skill acquisition for scrub nurses in complex revision total knee arthroplasty [Internet]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021[cited 2024 October 16];141(12):2313–21. DOI 10.1007/s00402-021-04050-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-04050-4

7. Moll C, Wagner L, Plattner A, Zenzmaier C, Biermann K, Ince A et al. Enhancing operating theatre conduct through virtual reality simulation [Internet]. Curr Dir Biomed Eng. 2024[cited 2024 October 16];10(1):53–56. Available from: https://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2409161538024.238823349229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2024-0114

8. Mergen N, Graf N, Meyerheim M. Reviewing the current state of virtual reality integration in medical education – a scoping review [Internet]. BMC Med Educ. 2024[cited 2024 October 16];24(788). DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05777-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05777-5

9. Zabaleta J, Blasco A, Esnal T, Aguinagalde B, Lopez I, Monge A et al. Clinical trial on nurse training through virtual reality simulation of an operating room: Assessing satisfaction and outcomes [Internet]. Cir Esp (Engl Ed.). 2024[cited 2024 October 16];102(9):469–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2024.04.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ciresp.2024.04.016

10. Kouijzer M, Kip H, Bouman Y, Kelders S. Implementation of virtual reality in healthcare: A scoping review on the implementation process of virtual reality in various healthcare settings [Internet]. Implement Sci Commun. 2023[cited 2024 October 16];4(1):67. DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00442-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00442-2

11. Hall A, Wamsley P. Technology-enhanced learning in orthopaedics: Virtual reality and multi-modality educational workshops may be effective in the training of surgeons and operating department staff [Internet]. Surgeon. 2023[cited 2024 October 16];21(4):217–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2022.04.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2022.04.009

12. Liu K, Zhang W, Li W, Wang T, Zheng Y. Effectiveness of virtual reality in nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. BMC Med Educ. 2023[cited 2024 October 16];23(1):710. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04662-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04662-x

13. Asif H, McInnis C, Dang F, Ajzenberg H, Wang P, Mosa A et al. Objective structured assessment of technical skill (OSATS) in the surgical skills and technology elective program (SSTEP): Comparison of peer and expert raters. Am J Surg. 2022[cited 2024 October 16];223(2):276–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.03.064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.03.064

14. Sen S, Usta E, Bozdemir H. The effect of mobile virtual reality on operating room nursing education [Internet]. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2022[cited 2024 October 16];17(2):199-202. DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2022.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2022.01.008

15. Bracq M, Michinov E, Jannin P. Virtual reality simulation in nontechnical skills training for healthcare professionals [Internet]. Simul Healthc. 2019[cited 2024 October 16];14(3):188–194. DOI: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000347 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000347

16. Ichihara K, Kitagawa M, Uemura T, Tachibana R, Kumashiro R, Hara K. Leveraging virtual reality for advanced scrub nurse education: A non-randomized comparative study of training effectiveness [Internet]. Clin Simul Nurs. 2024[cited 2024 October 16];98:101662. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2024.101662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2024.101662

17. Bracq M, Michinov E, Duff M, Arnaldi B, Gouranton V, Jannin P. Training situational awareness for scrub nurses: Error recognition in a virtual operating room [Internet]. Nurse Educ Prac. 2021[cited 2024 October 16];53:103056. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103056

18. Dias R, Kennedy-Metz LR, Yule S, Gombolay M, Zenati MA. Assessing team situational awareness in the operating room via computer vision [Internet]. IEEE Conf Cogn Comput Asp Situat Manag. 2022[cited 2024 October 16];94–6. DOI: 10.1109/cogsima54611.2022.9830664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CogSIMA54611.2022.9830664

19. Gluyas H, Stomski N, Andrus P, Walters J, Morrison P, Williams A et al. Performance based situation awareness observations in a simulated clinical scenario pre and post an educational intervention [Internet]. Nurse Educ Prac. 2019[cited 2024 October 16];36:20–7. Doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.02.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.02.011

Downloads

Published

12-06-2025

How to Cite

Gabatan , E. M. (2025). Simulating success – virtual reality training for tomorrow’s operating theatre nurses: A discussion paper. Journal of Perioperative Nursing, 38(2), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.26550/2209-1092.1378

Issue

Section

Discussion papers